The creative economy encompasses people with creative occupations working in the creative industries, as well as workers with creative occupations working in any other industry, and people in a non-creative job working in a creative industry. ⁴⁹ In particular, the creative industries have been defined as originating from “individual creativity, skill and talent and which have a potential for wealth and job creation through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property”. ⁵⁰

The GLA has adopted the definitions of the creative industries and the creative economy from the Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS).

The cultural sector is a more loosely defined term as there is currently no internationally agreed definition. DCMS have defined this sector as obtaining a “cultural product at the centre of the industry” ⁵¹ as best reflecting the availability of data on the standard industrial classifications (SIC). Table 3 below displays the industry classifications by sub-sector.

The creative and cultural industries encompass different sub-sectors and occupations, often aggregated under the term “cultural and creative industries” (CCI).

Other definitions define cultural industries as those whose major outputs have some symbolic value – such as fine arts, film and craft – but also possibly including jewellery, design and fashion. ⁵² To narrow the scope and focus on occupations that have marked underrepresentation in the workforce, this report focuses on the following sub-sectors, which also match the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Population Survey categories:

• Crafts and design: product, graphic and fashion.
• Music, performing and visual arts.
• Film, TV, radio and photography.
• Museums, galleries and libraries.

However, we sometimes refer to data on the creative and/or cultural industries as a whole in the absence of more granular data.